Blackghost

Black Ghost


Black Ghost (Apteronotus albifrons) comes from South America region and are carnivorous. Original habitat temperature 25-28 ° C; pH 6,5-7,0; and hardness 6-10 ° dH. Her form was like a sheet of leaves or a knife with a plain black color and swim vibrate or slide.


Fish is happy with the place was quite dark or dimly lit and will hide when there is a hole, especially in the afternoon. Therefore, in case maintenance is needed provided the hiding place of the roots of trees or paralon pieces. Between males and females difficult to distinguish. Back to the male line a little shorter than females. In addition, the tail fin is narrower in females than males.

Spawning can be done in pairs or mass. Mass spawning with male female ratio 1: 2. However, because the size of the parent can be more than 20 tail then the container should be large enough. Cement pond approximately 1.5 cm x 2.0 m usually be used to memijahkan 20 tails. While the aquarium size 100 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm good enough to accommodate around 5-8 tail stem.


Nest for spawning usually a sheet of fern stems (for orchids) which are stacked or arranged two. Fern stems are crushed stone or fastened so as not to move and sink in water. The eggs of these fish will usually be placed in the holes of the sheet sprayed by ferns.


Generally, spawning took place at night so the morning nest full of eggs can be taken to hatched. Decision nests and eggs should be as early as possible before sunrise. Carried eggs in the aquarium with gentle aeration. Try to place the penetasannya bit dark because the newly hatched larvae can not stand the light.

Laying nest should incline to the wall or the edge of the aquarium so that later the larvae can freely out of the nest.
Eggs will hatch in 2-3 days. The larvae will still be stuck in the nest. After three days, the larvae will swim and feed ready to be given a strained water fleas. The water started to be replaced. Although already able to swim, larvae are still happy to hide in the holes of the nest so the nest should be left until the larvae large enough.


For enlargement, the fish can be given feed silk worms, mosquito larvae and blood worms. Replacement of water must have done every day as much as a quarter of the volume of water when the container of aquarium. If the container in the form of ponds, water replacement is done every 2-3 days. In addition, to the rearing containers should be complemented with a hiding place like pieces stacked paralon to fish more comfortable. Size selling approximately 5 cm achieved at the age of 3 months.

source: Darti S.L and Iwan D. Penebar Swadaya, 2006
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10 Tips For A Successful Betta Splendens Reproduction

Betta splendens is one of the most wanted fish in everyone's aquarium. Breeding Bettas is not hard, though you might face problems at spawning them. They are oviparous fish, the male builds a nest in which the eggs/fry are kept for few days under the strict care of the Betta male. If you follow the next advices, you have big chances to get nice results of your Betta fish spawning.


1. Reproduction tank equipment: volume of 15-20 liters, a heater, a thermometer and air pomp connected to an air rock which will spread small bubbles. You need small bubbles because the fry are very sensitive to water movements and you don't want them to suffer.

2. The aquarium water must have a temperature of 28-29° C, a higher temperature will hurry the eggs hatching and the fry won't be fully developed. Keep the temperature constant using the heater and check it with the thermometer to make sure it is at the right level.

3. The water depth mustn't excel 10-15 cm because the Betta eggs are denser than water and they fall down from the nest. The male picks them up in its mouth and brings them back in the bubble nest, but a water column over 15 cm will tire it after few repetitions.

4. Cover the reproduction aquarium with a lid in order to keep the same temperature for the air inside the aquarium. The fry develop their labyrinth after about 30 days and they are very sensitive to temperature changes. The lid also protects against air flow which could ruin the bubble nest.

5. Select a compatible pair of Bettas. At first attempts you'll only want to get some fry and you won't be interested in colors/fins, but after some successful spawns you'll be more pretentious. So you'll chose same colored Bettas or even more, you'll look for developing some nice fins (double tails, crown tails, half moons, etc) but this is another discussion...

6. Introduce the male in the evening and only next morning introduce the female, considering that the male has already built the bubble nest. During the night keep the female in a jar near the aquarium and assure some light in order to make eye contact between the male and female; this will stimulate the bubble nest building.

7. The next day, after introducing the female, the Betta male will brutally chase her. That's why you have to put some plants in the corners of the aquarium in order to assure hiding places for the female. Also make sure you add some floating plants in order to help the bubble nest building.

8. After the first successful egg evacuation, the male (sometimes the female too) will take them (in the mouth) from the bottom of the aquarium and bring up in the bubble nest. You don't have to panic because this is a natural thing, so don't take the fish out thinking they eat their eggs ;)

9. A good pair of Bettas can spawn up to 400-500 eggs, after which the female has to be taken out from the aquarium because the male will brutalize her in order to protect the nest. Put the female, for a few hours, in a jar with water where you added some metilen blue in order to prevent eventually infections caused by the wounds.

10. After about 48 hours the fry will hatch and the Betta male will assure they stay together in the bubble nest. After another 2-3 days the fry will swim free. Now it's time to take out the male and start feeding them with Paramecium and/or Artemia salina (Baby Brine Shrimp).

This is it ;) 10 tips for a successful Betta splendens reproduction. You can find advanced information on specialized websites, books, etc, but following this article should familiarize you with the Betta splendens reproduction needs.

Author : Laurentiu Craciunas
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Budidaya Ikan Mas Koki Mutiara

IKAN koki mutiara merupakan jenis ikan mas yang mempunyai tubuh bulat dengan kepala kecil dan ekor lebar. Ikan ini berasal dari daratan China, namun di Indonesia sudah lama dapat dibudidayakan. Pemasaran ikan ini selain di dalam negeri juga merupakan jenis ikan yang dieksport dan harganyapun cukup tinggi.


Untuk pemijahannya, pemilihan induk harus benarbenar baik. Induk yang baik untuk dipijahkan sudah berumur + 8 bulan, dengan ukuran minimum sebesar telur itik. Selain itu pilih induk yang berkepala kecil dengan tubuh bulat, sisik utuh dan tersusun rapih. Jika ikan sedang bergerak, ekor dan sirip akan kelihatan tegak. Dan untuk mendapatkan keturunan yang berwarna, maka calon induk yang akan dipijahkan berwarna polos. Gunakan induk jantan berwarna putih dan betina berwarna hitam atau hijau lumut atau sebaliknya.

Sebaiknya sebelum melakukan pemijahan, terlebih dahulu kita harus menyeleksi jantan dan betina. Untuk perbedaan jantan dan betina: Induk Jantan; a. Pada sirip dada terdapat bintikbintik bulat menonjol dan jika diraba terasa kasar. b. Induk yang telah matang jika diurut pelan ke arah lubang genital akan keluar cairan berwarna putih

Induk Betina; a. Pada sirip dada terdapat bintikbintik dan terasa halus jika diraba. b. Jika diurut, keluar cairan kuning bening. Pada induk yang telah matang, perut terasa lembek dan lubang genital kemerahmerahan.

Selanjutnya sebelum melakukan pemijahan sebaiknnya dilakukan pembersihan bak/aquarium. Apabila telah bersih diisi dengan air yang telah diendapkan + 24 jam, kemudian letakkan eceng gondok untuk melekatkan telurnya. Kemudian pilihlah induk yang telah matang telur, masukkan ke dalam bak pada sore hari. Bila pemilihan induk dilakukan dengan cermat, biasanya keesokan harinya telur sudah menempel pada akar eceng gondok. Karena telur tidak perlu dierami, induk dapat segera dipindahkan ke kolam penampungan induk, untuk menunggu sampai saat pemijahan berikutnya. Jika perawatannya baik, maka 3 4 minggu kemudian induk sudah dapat dipijahkan kembali.

Setelah 2 3 hari telur akan menetas, sampai berumur 2 ~ 3 hari benih belum diberi makan, karena masih mempunyai persediaan makanan pada yolk sacnya (kuning telur). Pada hari ke 3 4 benih sudah dapat diberi makanan kutu air yang telah disaring. Setelah berumur + 15 hari benih mulai dicoba diberi cacing rambut di samping masih diberi kutu air, sampai benih keseluruhannya mampu memakan cacing rambut, baru pemberian kutu air dihentikan.

Untuk telur yang ditetaskan di aquarium maka sebaiknya setelah benih berumur + 1 minggu dipindahkan ke bak/kolam yang lebih luas. Ketinggian air dalam bak 10 15 cm dengan pergantian air 5 7 hari sekali. Setiap pergantian air gunakan air yang telah diendapkan lebih dahulu. Untuk menghindari sinar matahari yang terlalu terik diperlukan beberapa tanaman pelindung berupa eceng gondok.

Selanjutnya pembesaran ikan dilakukan setelah benih berumur lebih dari 1 bulan sampai induk. Jenis koki mutiara ini memerlukan banyak sinar matahari, untuk itu tanaman eceng gondok dapat dikurangi atau dihilangi. Untuk tahap pertama pembesaran dapat ditebar + 1.000 ekor ikan dalam bak berukuran 1,5 x 2 m. Kemudian penjarangan dapat dilakukan setiap 2 minggu dengan dibagi 2.

Selain itu yang perlu diperhatikan adalah pergantian air dapat dilakukan 3 5 hari sekali, juga dengan air yang telah diendapkan. Begitu juga dengan makanan yang diberikan berupa cacing rambut. Makanan diberikan pada pagi hari secara adlibitum (secukupnya). Jika pada sore hari makanan masih tersisa, segera diangkat/dibersihkan.

Setelah berumur 4 bulan ikan sudah merupakan calon induk. Untuk itu jantan dan betina segera dipisahkan sampai berumur 8 bulan yang telah siap dipijahkan. Untuk induk ikan sebaiknya makanan yang diberikan yaitu berupa jentik nyamuk (cuk). Sepasang induk dapat menghasilkan telur 2.000 s/d 3.000 butir untuk sekali pemijahan.

Ikan mas koki mutiara mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Untuk benih berumur 1 bulan harganya berkisar Rp. 30, s/d Rp. 50, sedangkan sepasang induk berkisar Rp. 5.000, s/d 10.000,. Dengan cara pemeliharaan yang tepat disertai ketekunan dapat diharapkan penghasilan yang lumayan.
Sumber : www.waspada.co.id
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Sukses budidaya ikan

kunci keberhasilan dalam budidaya ikan

ketika kita berbicara tentang ikan tidak akan dipisahkan dari makanan, makan adalah sebuah kebutuhan rutin manusia. Ikan merupakan salah satu penyedia gizi untuk manusia karena ikan mengandung banyak protein yang berguna bagi tubuh manusia.
dengan pertumbuhan populasi meningkatkan permintaan ikan meningkat.


Untuk menyediakan kebutuhan-kebutuhan tersebut kita tidak hanya akan mengutamakan produksi ikan dari menangkapnya, karena jika terus mengandalan produksi untuk menangkap potensi penangkapan ikan secara berlebihan terutama pada saat memancing di luar kendali. untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ikan yang kita butuhkan untuk meningkatkan budidaya ikan, budidaya ikan baik di kolam, sawah, kolam, dan lain-lain.
dalam budidaya tidak selalu berjalan lancar dan sering menghadapi kendala. Oleh karena itu di bawah ini kami akan menyebutkan beberapa kunci keberhasilan dalam budidaya ikan. adalah sebagai berikut:

1. pemilihan lokasi budidaya yang tepat
sumber air yang memadai dan tersedia sepanjang tahun, kemiringan kolam renang terbaik sehingga untuk memudahkan proses masuk dan pembuangan air kolam.

2. lokasi jauh dari sumber polusi atau limbah
jika sumber air kolam yang terkontaminasi akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas air, sehingga ikan tumbuh kurang baik.

3. akses ke lokasi kolam mudah.
Area kolam mudah untuk mengunjungi, itu berkaitan pada kemudahan dalam pemasaran ikan.

4. teknik budidaya ikan untuk menguasai
perlu mengetahui bagaimana budidaya ikan, teknik pengawetan ikan kekhawatiran, teknis hama penyakit ikan, kualitas air teknik, teknik konstruksi.

5. pengelolaan karyawan
karyawan pengaturan manajemen perlu menguasai, hal ini berkaitan dengan karyawan profesional.

6. akses pasar
pasar tidak jauh dari lokasi budidaya, mempertimbangkan kebutuhan masyarakat sekitarnya.

Sumber : http://hobiikan.blogspot.com
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Breeding Gourami

Gouramis are a quite popular chocies among fish hobbyists. For novice fish breeders, breeding gouramis can be an appealing challenge. Getting them to spawn and raising the fry can be a rewarding experience.

Gouramis are labyrinth fishes. They have labyrinth, which is an air-filled breathing hole, located under the gill covers. This kind of fish can often be seen going to the surface of the water to take in fresh air, making them survive waters with low oxygen levels. There are many different types of gouramis, which all originally came from South and Southeast Asia. Most species are easy to breed, however a few species like Helostoma temmincki (the Kissing Gourami), Osphromenus goramy (the Giant Gourami), Sphaerichthys osphromenoides (the Chocolate Gourami) are rather difficult. Some of the favmost popular species include the Pearl Gourami (Trichogaster leeri), the Dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia) and the Honey Gourami (Colisa sota). And these are the species I am going to say a few words about breeding.


The pearl gourami is one of the most beautiful of all the gouramis. The body and fins have lovely mosaic pearls that shine in the lights. The length for female can reach 10cm, 12cm for male. These gouramis love shallow, warm (around 27 C), and slowly flowing waters. They are very calm fish and easy to keep. They eat just about anything; however green flakes and Grindal worms are preferable. The breeding aquarium should be 80 cm in length or larger, with some suspended and anchored plants. The aquarium should be filled with about 15-20cm of water with no air or filtration, temperature 29C. Up to 2000 eggs can be laid in one spawning. When the fry become free swimming the male should be removed from the aquarium. The female should be removed right after spawning.

The dwarf gourami has diagonal turquoise blue stripes on their reddish orange body. The males are larger and more colorful than the females. The male becomes very brightly colored at spawning time. Their nature and needs of treatment are similar to those of the pearl gouramis, they will eat anything they are being feed, however they prefer live foods and prepared mixtures. Best spawned in a separate aquarium especially setup for this purpose. Place a well-conditioned pair into a 40-liter or 60-liter, thickly planted aquarium with a lot of floating plants. The spawn can consist of 300 to 700 eggs. After spawning is completed, the female should be removed. The male will tend the spawn until the fry become free swimming, and then he should be removed too.

The males of honey gourami have beautiful bright orange-yellow color. The females are plain, have slightly shaded brownish orange body with a silvery fluorescent glow. They prefer aquariums with some thickly planted areas and with some open swimming areas. They usually eat anything you provide them with. These fish are moderately easy to breed, though a little more difficult than the dwarf gourami. For a pair, prepare a 40-liter aquarium without air stone or filter. The male will build a large bubble nest. The eggs will when laid float up into the bubble nest, where the male will guard over them until they hatch and the fry becomes free swimming, which is when he should be removed. The female should be removed right after spawning.

Author : William Berg
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